The Pareto distribution is a power-law probability distribution used to model heavy-tailed data — that is, distributions where a small number of events account for the majority of the effect (e.g., wealth distribution, internet traffic, …

The Rayleigh Distribution is a continuous probability distribution used to model the magnitude of a two-dimensional vector whose components are independent and normally distributed. It often appears in fields like signal processing, physics, and engineering. …

The Chi-Square (χ²) distribution is widely used in statistical inference, especially for hypothesis testing and confidence intervals involving variances and categorical data. With NumPy, generating and working with Chi-Square distributed values is simple and efficient …

The Exponential Distribution is a continuous probability distribution commonly used to model the time between events in a Poisson process — for example, the time between incoming calls at a call center or the lifetime …

The Multinomial Distribution is a generalization of the binomial distribution. While a binomial distribution deals with the probability of success/failure over trials, a multinomial distribution deals with more than two possible outcomes — like rolling …

The Logistic Distribution is a continuous probability distribution used primarily for modeling growth, especially in logistic regression and neural networks. It resembles the normal distribution but has heavier tails, making it useful for modeling phenomena …

The uniform distribution is one of the simplest and most intuitive probability distributions. If every outcome in a range is equally likely, you're dealing with a uniform distribution. Using NumPy, Python makes it easy to …

The Poisson Distribution is a fundamental statistical tool used to model the number of times an event occurs within a fixed interval of time or space, given a known average rate and independence between events. …

In probability and statistics, the Binomial Distribution is essential for modeling scenarios with two possible outcomes: success or failure. If you’ve ever flipped a coin, taken a multiple-choice test, or measured yes/no responses, you’ve encountered …

The Normal Distribution, also known as the Gaussian Distribution, is one of the most important concepts in statistics and data science. It models many real-world phenomena like heights, weights, test scores, and measurement errors. In …

When working with numerical data in Python—especially using NumPy—visualization is essential to explore patterns, relationships, and trends. While matplotlib is powerful, Seaborn offers a simpler and more elegant interface for statistical plotting. In this article, …

In data manipulation, machine learning, or statistics, it's often necessary to shuffle data—either for splitting datasets, randomizing the order of records, or avoiding bias. NumPy’s random.permutation() function is an essential tool for this. This article …

In data science, understanding how data is distributed is critical. Whether you're simulating data, analyzing real-world datasets, or performing hypothesis testing, you’ll encounter probability distributions. The numpy.random module provides powerful tools to generate data that …

NumPy is a powerful library for numerical computing in Python. One of its most useful submodules is numpy.random, which provides tools for generating random numbers and performing probabilistic simulations. In this article, we’ll explore the …

Filtering is a powerful technique used to extract specific elements from a dataset that meet certain conditions. In NumPy, array filtering allows you to quickly isolate data points of interest without writing loops — making …